Are traditions important?

What doest the word "traditon" mean? In my opinion tradition means transmission of habits and customs from generation to generation.
There are some different types of traditions, fro example family traditions which are strictly observed in family circle and national traditions what have existed since immemorial time. 
Nowadays we live in modern society, where the biggest part of it even don`t know any traditions which our ancestors had some time ago.
 It is a very sad situation because in my opinion raditions ara foundation of our culture, which takes not he last place in our lives. 

Biotechnologies

A Bio-Patch Regrows Bone Inside the Body

Nov 8, 2013 09:23 AM ET // by George Dvorsky, io9.com 

Researchers from the University of Iowa have developed a remarkable new procedure for regenerating missing or damaged bone. It's called a "bio patch" -- and it works by sending bone-producing instructions directly into cells using microscopic particles embedded with DNA.
In experiments, the gene-encoding patch has already regrown bone fully enough to cover skull wounds in test animals. It has also stimulated new growth in human bone marrow stromal cells. Eventually, the patch could be used to repair birth defects involving missing bone around the head or face. It could also help dentists rebuild bone in areas which provides a concrete-like foundation for implants.
To create the bio patch, a research team led by Satheesh Elangovan delivered bone-producing instructions to existing bone cells inside a living body, which allowed those cell to produce the required proteins for more bone production. This was accomplished by using a piece of DNA that encodes for a platelet-derived growth factor called PDGF-B. Previous research relied on repeated applications from the outside, but they proved costly, intensive, and more difficult to replicate with any kind of consistency.
"We delivered the DNA to the cells, so that the cells produce the protein and that's how the protein is generated to enhance bone regeneration," explained Aliasger Salem in a statement. "If you deliver just the protein, you have keep delivering it with continuous injections to maintain the dose. With our method, you get local, sustained expression over a prolonged period of time without having to give continued doses of protein." Salem is a professor in the College of Pharmacy and a co-corresponding author on the paper.
While performing the procedure, the researchers made a collagen scaffold in the actual shape and size of the bone defect. The patch, which was loaded with synthetically created plasmids and outfitted with the genetic instructions for building bone did the rest, achieving complete regeneration that matched the shape of what should have been there. This was followed by inserting the scaffold onto the missing area. Four weeks is usually all that it took -- growing 44-times more bone and soft tissue in the affected areas compared to just the scaffold alone.
"The delivery mechanism is the scaffold loaded with the plasmid," Salem says. "When cells migrate into the scaffold, they meet with the plasmid, they take up the plasmid, and they get the encoding to start producing PDGF-B, which enhances bone regeneration."
The researchers also note that the delivery system is nonviral, meaning that the plasmid is not likely to cause an undesired immune response, and that it's easier to mass produce, which lowers the cost.
Link

Task 1.
Choose the correct answer.
1.Which  university  has developed a remarkable new procedure ?
a) the University of Iowa b) the University of Nibraksa c) the University of New York
2. What does this procedure do?
a) regenerates muscles b) regenerates missing or damaged bone c) improves circulation of the blood
3.What is the name of this producer  ?
a) Bonemaker b) Second chance c) Bio Patch
4. Who is the leader of  reseacrh team which did discover Bio Patch?
a) George Dvorsky b) Satheesh Elangovan c) Michael Jones
5. Can the plasmid cause an undesired immune response?
a) Yes b) No c) No information  in the text
6. What is the name of platelet-derived growth factor?
a) PDGF-B   b)FGDP-B    c) PBPD-C
7.How long will be the regrowthing of new bone?
a) 44 weeks  b) 4 weeks c) 4 months
8. With whom do the cells meet in the scaffold?
a) with plasmids b)with bacteriums  c) with viruses

 

Links.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-24834375
http://news.discovery.com/tech/biotechnology/a-bio-patch-regrows-bone-inside-the-body-131108.htm

Summary.

The article "Skype: more important han it looks" was published by Jennifer O'Hagan on Wednesday, 3 October, 2012 - 17:02  on the website http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org.
This article is about Skype`s importance in Jennifer life.
The author writes that  when she had just moved to Germany she communicated with her family and friends just through payphones and they were enough expensive.
Now she has Skype, she no longer has that problem, she can talk to her family and friends whenever she need to, for as long as she want, for free.
Also the author writes about Skype`s oppurtunities in the work places. It could be used for interviews-especially when companies are recruiting internationally, or when it would be very expensive for the candidate to travel for the interview. It can also be used for video conferences within offices themselves.
Other way how Skype can be used are, of course, the long-distance relationships.
In my opinion Skype it`s one of the best things, which were invented by humanity. There are only some people who don`t use Skype.

True or false.

True or false.
Task: Read the sentences and decide if they are true or false. If sentence is wrong, write the correct answer.

1. Archaeologists believe that Stonehenge was built around 2500 CE.
2. The Celts lived in Britain in the Iron Age from around 600 BCE.
3. The Celts came from North Europe.
4. Boudicca’s army attacked and burnt Colchester (now London).
5. Hadrian’s Wall is 317 kilometers long and goes from London to Bowness.
6. In BCE 410 the Romans left Britain.
7. In the 7th century a king was buried at Sutton Hoo in the south-east of England.
8. The Romans built many castles and cathedrals.
9. In CE 597 a monk called Augustine came to England.
10. Tomb – the place where a person is buried after they born.
11. The symbol of Lancaster was a white rose.
12. In 1588 the Spanish tried to attack England.
13. The Civil War began in 1624.
14. Cromwell sent boys and women to the Siberia.
15. The Great Fire of London was in 1666.
16. In 1727, Robert Walpole became the first British prime minister.
17. In 1801, the government introduced the Act of Union with Ireland.
18. Bonnie – a Scottish word means “awful” or “ugly”.
19. In 1825, the world’s first railway opened between Stockton and Darlington in the north of England.
20. Margaret Thatcher was the first British female prime minister, recently she died.

Correct answers:
1. Archaeologists believe that Stonehenge was built around 2500 BCE.
2. True.
3. The Celts came from Central Europe.
4. True.
5. Hadrian’s Wall is 117 kilometers long and goes from Wallsend to Bowness.
6. In CE 410 the Romans left Britain.
7. True.
8. The Normans built many castles and cathedrals.
9. True.
10. Tomb – the place where a person is buried after they die.
11. The symbol of Lancaster was a red rose OR The symbol of York was a white rose.
12. True.
13. The Civil War began in 1642.
14. Cromwell sent boys and women to the Caribbean.
15. True.
16. True.
17. True.
18. Bonnie – a Scottish word means “handsome” or “pretty”.
19. True.
20. True.

Writing a story

Describe a present you would give to a jumping chicken who wears a blue space suit.

In the last century I visited my aunt Brendy on the star Nihail,in the 624 th Nebula. And now Iˇm planning to visit her again because her favourite pet will be 161 years old. This petˇs name is Monica and itˇs a space chicken. But it is unusual space chicken,it always wears a blue space suit and itˇs about 4 meters in height and about 3 meters in widht and it has a very unusual habit-it always jumps,all the time! Itˇs the oldest chicken in the galaxy. So itˇs a very famous pet, which has taken part in many exhibitions. My aunt is very proud of it.
I think that itˇs birthday party will be on Earth, despite itˇs a very expensive pleasure.Also there will be the most famous people in the galaxy with diffirent exotic presents.I havenˇt decided yet, what iˇll present her. But I think Iˇll ask my good friend, who lives in other galaxy about a favour. In their galaxy are grown a very rare type of grains, which explode while youˇre eating their.I think itˇll be a good present.

A mail

Dear teacher, I wanted to thank you for your help me with registration on worldeductaiongames.com.I had some problems with registratoin, I needed to update Adobe Flash Player but I couldn`t do that because I haven`t had access. I hope that in the future I wiil get any certificate. Best wishes, Edgar

Test 24.01.12

I think the story took place somewhere in Italy, nowadays. It started when a young man, whose name is Jack was tired of the bustle of city and decided to travell.He had passed many miles until he met a gril. It was an ordinary day. The weather was great.While his travelling, when he saw a girl, who was bitten by a snake.She was lying near a road, unconsious.Jack decided to save her life at any rate.He gathered herbs and began to cure the girl. In some time girl felt herself better and even could walk.So they decided to continue their travelling together. After some time they found a camp in the forest,where were groups of teenagers,who were sitting at the campfire singing song and telling stories.They joined them.After some time Jack and the girl had to go. One day the girl said, that she was missed her parents and wanted to go home. Jack was agree with her decision and they decided to move back home. Two days later Jack and the girl, whose name was Anny were at Anny`s home.Her parents were very happy to see their daughter and her boyfriend. I`m sure they have lived happilly since then.

Estonia